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Published year: 20222
T cells modulate the microglial response to brain ischemia.

Abstract (Expand)

Neuroinflammation after stroke is characterized by the activation of resident microglia and the invasion of circulating leukocytes into the brain. Although lymphocytes infiltrate the brain in small … number, they have been consistently demonstrated to be the most potent leukocyte subpopulation contributing to secondary inflammatory brain injury. However, the exact mechanism of how this minimal number of lymphocytes can profoundly affect stroke outcome is still largely elusive. Here, using a mouse model for ischemic stroke, we demonstrated that early activation of microglia in response to stroke is differentially regulated by distinct T cell subpopulations - with T(H1) cells inducing a type I INF signaling in microglia and regulatory T cells (T(REG)) cells promoting microglial genes associated with chemotaxis. Acute treatment with engineered T cells overexpressing IL-10 administered into the cisterna magna after stroke induces a switch of microglial gene expression to a profile associated with pro-regenerative functions. Whereas microglia polarization by T cell subsets did not affect the acute development of the infarct volume, these findings substantiate the role of T cells in stroke by polarizing the microglial phenotype. Targeting T cell-microglia interactions can have direct translational relevance for further development of immune-targeted therapies for stroke and other neuroinflammatory conditions.

Authors: C. Benakis, A. Simats, S. Tritschler, S. Heindl, S. Besson-Girard, G. Llovera, K. Pinkham, A. Kolz, A. Ricci, F. J. Theis, S. Bittner, O. Gokce, A. Peters, A. Liesz

Date Published: 13th Dec 2022

Publication Type: Journal

CD8(+) T cells induce interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia in white matter aging.

Abstract (Expand)

A hallmark of nervous system aging is a decline of white matter volume and function, but the underlying mechanisms leading to white matter pathology are unknown. In the present study, we found age-related … alterations of oligodendrocyte cell state with a reduction in total oligodendrocyte density in aging murine white matter. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identified interferon (IFN)-responsive oligodendrocytes, which localize in proximity to CD8(+) T cells in aging white matter. Absence of functional lymphocytes decreased the number of IFN-responsive oligodendrocytes and rescued oligodendrocyte loss, whereas T-cell checkpoint inhibition worsened the aging response. In addition, we identified a subpopulation of lymphocyte-dependent, IFN-responsive microglia in the vicinity of the CD8(+) T cells in aging white matter. In summary, we provide evidence that CD8(+) T-cell-induced, IFN-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia are important modifiers of white matter aging.

Authors: T. Kaya, N. Mattugini, L. Liu, H. Ji, L. Cantuti-Castelvetri, J. Wu, M. Schifferer, J. Groh, R. Martini, S. Besson-Girard, S. Kaji, A. Liesz, O. Gokce, M. Simons

Date Published: 26th Oct 2022

Publication Type: Journal

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